Yes, you can! I only provided a PHP version so I could integrate it into the web site easier. However, you can just use any programming language you like. It's all done through HTML requests.
Example (retrieving info for player ID 10001 - myself!):
http://player.aevumobscurum.com/player? ... o&id=10001All you need to do is to parse out the result.
Here is the manual for reference (PDF):
http://www.ageofconquest.com/api/aoapi-1.2.0-doc.pdf